Why baker’s percentages exist
Volumetric measurements (cups, tablespoons) are a terrible system for bread: a cup of flour can vary 20 % in weight depending on how it was scooped, packed and settled. Once you cross from a cake (where +/-10 % flour is recoverable) into bread (where it controls hydration and crumb structure), you need weight-based formulas. Baker’s percentage normalises everything against flour weight = 100 %, so a recipe is portable across batch sizes and flour brands.
The five ingredients that matter
Flour, water, salt, leavening (yeast or sourdough starter), and time. Almost every bread recipe in print is a permutation of those five with optional add-ins (oil for sandwich bread, sugar for buns, eggs for brioche). Once you understand the ratios, you don’t need recipes — you need a target hydration and a fermentation schedule.
Common starting ratios
Lean rustic bread: 100 % flour, 70 % water, 2 % salt, 0.5–1 % instant yeast (or 20 % sourdough starter). Pizza dough: 100/62/2.5/0.5 with 2 % oil. Brioche: 100/30/1.8/2 with 50 % butter, 50 % egg, 12 % sugar. Sandwich bread: 100/65/2/1.5 with 5 % oil and 5 % milk powder. These are all in baker’s percentage notation — flour is always 100 %, everything else is relative.